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|Trương Như Tảng }} |clans=National Liberation Front for Southern Vietnam Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG) People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam (PLAF) Alliance of National Democratic and Peace Forces Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN) |headquarters = |area=Indochina, with a focus on South Vietnam |strength= |partof= |previous=Viet Minh |next=Vietnam Fatherland Front |allies= North Vietnam, Soviet Union, China |opponents=South Vietnam United States United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (FULRO) |battles=See full list }} The Việt Cộng (()) was the name given by Western sources to the National Liberation Front during the Vietnam War (1959-1975). The National Liberation Front was a political organization with its own army - People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam (PLAF) - in South Vietnam and Cambodia, that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war spokesmen insisted the Việt Cộng was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958.〔Military History Institute of Vietnam,(2002) ''Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam, 1954–1975'', translated by Merle L. Pribbenow. University Press of Kansas. p. 68. ISBN 0-7006-1175-4.〕 North Vietnam established the National Liberation Front on December 20, 1960 to foment insurgency in the South. Many of the Việt Cộng's core members were voluteer "regroupees", southern Viet Minh who had resettled in the North after the Geneva Accord (1954). Hanoi gave the regroupees military training and sent them back to the South along the Ho Chi Minh trail in the early 1960s. The NLF called for southern Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward the peaceful unification". The People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam (PLAF)'s best-known action was the Tet Offensive, a massive assault on more than 100 South Vietnamese urban centers in 1968, including an attack on the US embassy in Saigon. The offensive riveted the attention of the world's media for weeks, but also overextended the Việt Cộng. Later communist offensives were conducted predominately by the North Vietnamese. The organisation was dissolved in 1976 when North and South Vietnam were officially unified under a communist government. ==Names== The term ''Việt cộng'' appeared in Saigon newspapers beginning in 1956. It is a contraction of ''Việt Nam Cộng-sản'' (Vietnamese communist),〔 or alternatively ''Việt gian cộng sản'' ("Communist Traitor to Vietnam"). The earliest citation for ''Việt Cộng'' in English is from 1957.〔"Viet Cong", ''Oxford English Dictionary''〕 American soldiers referred to the Viet Cong as Victor Charlie or V-C. "Victor" and "Charlie" are both letters in the NATO phonetic alphabet. "Charlie" referred to communist forces in general, both Việt Cộng and North Vietnamese. The official Vietnamese history gives the group's name as the Liberation Army of South Vietnam or the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (NLFSV; ''Mặt trận Dân tộc Giải phóng miền Nam Việt Nam'').〔〔Radio Hanoi called it the "National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam" in a January 1961 broadcast announcing the group's formation. In his memoirs, Võ Nguyên Giáp called the group the "South Vietnam National Liberation Front" (). See also the (1967).〕 Many writers shorten this to National Liberation Front (NLF).〔The terminology "liberation front" is adapted from the earlier Greek and Algerian National Liberation Fronts.〕 In 1969, the Viet Cong created the "Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam" (''Chính Phủ Cách Mạng Lâm Thời Cộng Hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam''), abbreviated PRG.〔This also follows terminology used earlier by leftists in Greece (Provisional Democratic Government) and Algeria (Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic).〕 Although the NLF was not officially abolished until 1977, the Viet Cong no longer used the name after PRG was created. Members generally referred to the Viet Cong as "the Front" (''Mặt trận'').〔 Today's Vietnamese media most frequently refers to the group as the "People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam (PLAF)" (''Quân Giải phóng Miền Nam Việt Nam'').〔See, for example, (this story ) in (Viet Nam News ), the official English-language newspaper.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Viet Cong」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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